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The correct choice is the scaler, which is specifically designed for the removal of calculus (tartar) from the surfaces of teeth. Scalers come in various shapes and sizes, allowing dental professionals to effectively access different areas of the mouth, including interproximal spaces and below the gum line. They often have a sharp edge or pointed end that helps in scraping away hardened deposits, which is crucial for maintaining oral health and preventing periodontal disease.

While other instruments like the explorer and curette serve important functions in dental procedures, they are not primarily intended for the removal of tartar. The explorer is typically used for detecting cavities and checking the health of tooth surfaces, while the curette is primarily employed for subgingival scaling and root planing but encompasses a broader function than just scraping off tartar. Therefore, scalers are distinctly designated tools for tartar removal in dental settings.